![]() ![]() Not so much has been written about all that follows. There’s been a great deal of reporting about “the drilling part” of fracking-the moment when drills penetrate shale and millions of gallons of chemical-and-sand-laced water are pumped down at high pressure to fracture the rock. A quarter-century after the world’s leading climate change scientist, James Hansen, first warned Congress about global warming, Americans have only bad options: coal, shale gas, oil, or nuclear power. As the fracking industry has surged, the country continues to lag far behind Germany and Denmark, the world’s renewable-energy leaders. renewable energy development proves the case. ![]() In a country deficient in regulations and high in corporate pressures on government, this cascade effect creates enormous disincentives for investment in large alternative energy programs. That’s because as fracking spreads, it drives natural gas prices down, spurring greater consumer use, and so more fracking. The energy industry boasts that fracking is a “bridge” to renewable energies, but a 2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology study found that shale gas development could end up crowding out alternative energies. to date) or in the millions of miles of pipelines that crisscross this country. Moreover, no technology can guarantee long-term safety decades into the future when it comes to well casings (there are hundreds of thousands of frack wells in the U.S. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has found leakage rates of 2.3% to 17% of annual production at gas and oil fields in California, Colorado, and Utah. (A Cornell University study that established this in 2011 has been reconfirmed since.) Methane is a far more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2) and an ecological nightmare due to its potential for dangerous leaks.Īs fracking spreads, it drives natural gas prices down, spurring greater consumer use, and so more fracking.Īccording to former Mobil Oil executive Lou Allstadt, the greatest danger of fracking is the methane it adds to the atmosphere through leaks from wells, pipelines, and other associated infrastructure. ![]() The industry’s global-warming footprint is actually greater than that of coal. It also helps to fuel the floods, hurricanes, droughts, wildfires, and ever-hotter summers that are engulfing the planet. Though we may not know it, fracked gas increasingly fuels our stoves and furnaces. Gas fracked from shale formations goes by several names (“unconventional gas,” “natural gas,” “shale gas”), but whatever it’s called, it’s mainly methane. Suddenly, I’m in the crosshairs of the fracking industry, too. ![]() The expanded Algonquin would carry unconventional gas-gas extracted from deep rock formations like shale-into Massachusetts from the great Marcellus formation that sprawls along the Appalachian basin from West Virginia to New York. Under Massachusetts, where I live, lie no methane- or oil-rich shale deposits, so there’s no drilling.īut this past September, I learned that Spectra Energy, one of the largest natural gas infrastructure companies in North America, had proposed changes in a pipeline it owns, the Algonquin, which runs from Texas into my hometown, Boston. But until recently I’d always felt at a remove from the dangers they face: contaminated water wells, poisoned air, sick and dying animals, industry-related illnesses. Some of the people I’ve met have become friends. My interviewees live in Pennsylvania’s shale-gas fields among Wisconsin’s hills, where corporations have been mining silica, an essential fracking ingredient and in New York, where one of the most powerful grassroots movements in the state’s long history of dissent has become ground zero for anti-fracking activism across the country. “Fracking”-high-volume hydraulic fracturing, which extracts oil and methane from deep shale-has become my beat. Or the past several years, I’ve been writing about what happens when big oil and gas corporations drill where people live. ![]()
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